Back to the ward
Case 0538MinorBrief Psychotic Disorder

Stops From Two Lines, Counted as One

Admitted
2026-10-19
Source dataset
Who&When
Source
Who&When benchmark, Algorithm-Generated log 12 (Franklin-Foxboro line)
Failure mode
Hallucination with side effects
Agent system
Multi-agent
Tool access
Read-only
Industry
General or other

Presenting Behaviour

A group of agents was asked how many stops lie between South Station and Windsor Gardens on a Boston commuter rail line, as of May 2023, and specifically told to verify the stop list. The verification agent instead wrote the list out from memory, confidently mixing in stations from a different line, then ran a one-line calculation on its own list and declared the answer 'accurately verified' at 12. The correct answer was 10.

Case Replay

A reconstruction, not a simulation. This sequence is reconstructed from the public incident record and summarised in our own words. It is a static record of what was reported, and nothing here can be run or replayed live.

4 steps

  1. Question received. Count the stops between South Station and Windsor Gardens on the Franklin-Foxboro line as of May 2023.
  2. List written from memory. The verification agent listed stations from memory, mixing in stops from another line. This is where the agent derailed.
  3. Self-check. It ran code subtracting two positions in its own list and got 12.
  4. Declared verified. The team closed the task with 12; the correct answer was 10.

Differential Diagnosis

The task was ambiguous, ruled out. The question named the line, both end stations, and the date, and the instructions explicitly asked for the stops to be verified.

Concrete thinking (it misread 'verify') considered. It did run code, which it seems to have treated as verification. But the code only subtracted two positions in a list the agent had itself written; the core problem is the invented list, not the meaning of the word.

Brief psychotic disorder (most consistent with the evidence: the agent stated a station list from memory with full confidence, labelled it accurate and current, and closed the task) a short, sharp break from the facts with no check against any source.

Working Diagnosis

Brief psychotic disorder: a confidently asserted, unchecked recollection presented as verified fact, which then fed directly into the final answer.

Discussion

Asking an agent to 'verify' does nothing if it can satisfy that word by re-reading its own memory. A sensible safeguard is to require that any verification step cite an external source fetched during the task, and to treat a self-generated list as unverified by default.

Mitigation Strategy

Verification steps must fetch and cite a current authoritative source (e.g. the transit operator's timetable) rather than restate internal knowledge.

Governance Guardrails

Answers labelled 'verified' must carry a source reference; a verifier that made no external lookup cannot mark a task complete.

Typical Presentation in Human Patients

General clinical background, included for context. Not medical advice, and not a diagnosis of any individual.

This condition involves a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, or disorganised speech) lasting anywhere from a day to a month. It's frequently triggered by a significant stressor, and the person typically returns fully to their prior level of functioning once the episode resolves.

Source Note

Who&When benchmark, Algorithm-Generated log 12 (Franklin-Foxboro line)

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ag2ai/Agents_Failure_Attribution/main/Who%26When/Algorithm-Generated/12.json